Volume: 3
Year: 2026, Page: 1-3,
Received: Oct. 13, 2026 Accepted: Oct. 23, 2026 Published: Oct. 24, 2026
Neurological disorders remain a leading cause of global disability and are associated with significant biological and clinical diversity, which reduces the efficacy of standardized treatment approaches. Developments in genomics, multi-omics, biomarkers, imaging, artificial intelligence, and digital phenotyping are transforming neurology from syndrome-based management to individualized diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Genomic sequencing and pharmacogenomics improve diagnostic yield and support targeted interventions, whereas biomarkers such as phosphorylated tau and neurofilament light chain enhance early detection and monitoring of neurodegenerative and immune-mediated diseases. Artificial intelligence can integrate multimodal clinical data to support diagnostic accuracy and predict disease trajectories, and wearable and smartphone-based monitoring provide continuous real-world measures of function and treatment response. Even with these advances, routine translation continues to be constrained by cost, data inequity, assay standardization gaps, regulatory complexity, and issues surrounding consent and governance. Building representative biobanks, harmonizing biomarker standards, validating tools prospectively, and strengthening clinician training will be essential to achieve equitable pre-cision neurology.
Keywords: Personalized neurology; Precision medicine; Biomarkers; Artificial intelligence; Digital health
1. Feigin VL, Vos T, Nichols E, Owolabi MO, Carroll WM, Dichgans M, et al. The global burden of neurological disorders: translating evidence into policy. The Lancet Neurology. 2020;19(3):255-65. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(19)30411-9
2. Shao J, Liu H, Wang T, Wang Y, Zhang W, Yao Z, et al. Neuroimaging of Heterogeneity in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Toward Disease Progression Modeling. Biological Psychiatry. 2026. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2026.06.023
3. Small SL. Precision neurology. Ageing Research Reviews. 2025;104:102632. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2024.102632
4. Di Resta C, Pipitone GB, Carrera P, Ferrari M. Current scenario of the genetic testing for rare neurological disorders exploiting next generation sequencing. Neural Regeneration Research. 2020;16(3):475-81. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.293135
5. Villa C, Yoon JH. Multi-Omics for the Understanding of Brain Diseases. Life. 2021;11(11):1202. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11111202
6. Voigtlaender S, Pawelczyk J, Geiger M, Vaios EJ, Karschnia P, Cudkowicz M, et al. Artificial intelligence in neurology: opportunities, challenges, and policy implications. Journal of Neurology. 2024;271(5):2258-73. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-024-12220-8
7. Harris C, Tang Y, Birnbaum E, Cherian C, Mendhe D, Chen MH. Digital Neuropsychology beyond Computerized Cognitive Assessment: Applications of Novel Digital Technologies. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology. 2024;39(3):290-304. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acae016
8. Porcari GS, Collyer JW, Adang LA, Rajan DS. Current Advances and Challenges in Gene Therapies for Neurologic Disorders. Neurology Genetics. 2025;11(1):e200229. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/nxg.0000000000200229
9. Gao J, Gunasekar S, Xia Z, Shalin K, Jiang C, Chen H, et al. Gene therapy for CNS disorders: modalities, delivery and translational challenges. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2024;25(8):553-72. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41583-024-00829-7
10. Seyhan AA, Carini C. Precision medicine: success stories and challenges from science to implementation. The New Era of Precision Medicine: Elsevier; 2024. p. 83-113. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-13963-5.00008-x
11. Moura L, Jones DT, Sheikh IS, Murphy S, Kalfin M, Kummer BR, et al. Implications of Large Language Models for Quality and Efficiency of Neurologic Care. Neurology. 2024;102(11):e209497. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000209497
12. Small S.L. Precision Neurology. Ageing Research Reviews. 2025; 104(102632):1-13. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2024.102632
© 2026 by the authors. Submitted for possible open access publication under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Published by Ascentia Publishers
Gadad VM, Pujar GS. Personalized Neurology: Current Advances and Future Perspectives. Advances in Preclinical and Clinical Research. 2026; 2:202602.